The **Paris Agreement** is a landmark international treaty adopted in December 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) by representatives of 196 countries. Its core mission is to **limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, ideally aiming for 1.5°C**, through collective efforts to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions[1][5][6]. The Agreement establishes a framework for transparency, accountability, and progressively more ambitious climate commitments, known as **Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)**, which each country must submit and update regularly[3][6]. It also emphasizes **support for developing nations** to help them mitigate climate change effects and adapt to its impacts, recognizing global inequality in resources and vulnerabilities[1][7]. Key achievements include near-universal adoption and ratification by 189 parties as of 2020, signaling a rare global consensus that climate change is driven by human activity and requires urgent, coordinated action[1][3]. The Agreement has helped avoid some of the worst climate scenarios, potentially reducing the number of excessively hot days worldwide[2]. It has established mechanisms to track progress, enhance ambition over time, and mobilize climate finance. Despite progress, challenges remain: global warming has already reached about 1.3°C, and current pledges may limit warming only to around 2.6°C, which still poses severe risks such as extreme heat, health impacts, and inequality[2]. Experts stress the need for faster transition from fossil fuels and stronger policies to keep warming below 2°C[2]. Politically, the Agreement has faced shifts; for example, the U.S. withdrew under one administration but rejoined later, reflecting tensions between economic priorities and environmental commitments[4]. Overall, the Paris Agreement remains the central global framework aligning governments, businesses, and technology innovators toward sustainable climate solutions in the face of escalating environmental risks[1][6][7].